Non-Rationalised Economics NCERT Notes, Solutions and Extra Q & A (Class 9th to 12th)
9th					10th					11th					12th

Class 10th Chapters
1. Development	2. Sectors Of The Indian Economy	3. Money And Credit
4. Globalisation And The Indian Economy	5. Consumer Right

Class 10th Economics NCERT Notes, NCERT Question Solutions and Extra Q & A (Non-Rationalised)

1. Development

This chapter explores the concept of **development**, explaining that it is not the same for everyone and encompasses more than just income or economic growth. It discusses how different people have varying and sometimes conflicting development goals. The chapter introduces various indicators used to measure development, such as **per capita income** ($\textsf{₹}$), infant mortality rate, literacy rate, and net attendance ratio. It highlights the importance of considering multiple criteria, including health and education, for assessing overall development and well-being, comparing different states within India and other countries based on these diverse indicators to provide a more comprehensive picture of progress.

2. Sectors Of The Indian Economy

This chapter classifies the economic activities in **India** into three main **sectors**: the **Primary Sector** (involving direct use of natural resources like agriculture, forestry, fishing), the **Secondary Sector** (manufacturing industries that process raw materials), and the **Tertiary Sector** (service activities like transport, banking, education, trade). It compares the contribution of these sectors to India's **Gross Domestic Product (GDP)** and employment over the years, showing the shift from agriculture towards services. The chapter also discusses employment issues, including distinguishing between organised and unorganised sectors and analyzing problems of unemployment and underemployment.

3. Money And Credit

This chapter explains the role of **money** in a modern economy, highlighting its functions as a **medium of exchange**, solving the problem of double coincidence of wants inherent in the barter system. It discusses different forms of money and how banks function as intermediaries by accepting deposits and extending **credit** (loans). The chapter differentiates between formal sector credit (from banks and cooperatives, regulated by **RBI**) and informal sector credit (from moneylenders, often at high interest rates), common in rural India. It emphasizes the importance of affordable and accessible formal credit for economic development, particularly for the poor and small businesses.

4. Globalisation And The Indian Economy

This chapter explores **globalisation**, the process of rapid integration and interconnectedness between countries through increased foreign trade and foreign investment. It discusses the role of **multinational corporations (MNCs)** in spreading their production and markets globally. Factors promoting globalisation, such as improvements in technology (transportation, communication) and liberalisation of trade and investment policies (removal of barriers), are explained. The chapter examines the impact of globalisation on the **Indian economy**, analyzing both the benefits (increased competition, choice, foreign investment) and challenges (increased competition for domestic producers, impact on small industries), and discusses the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

5. Consumer Right

This chapter focuses on the importance of **consumer awareness** and **consumer rights** in protecting consumers from exploitation in the market. It discusses the need for a consumer movement and the enactment of the **Consumer Protection Act (COPRA)** in India in 1986. The chapter outlines the key rights of consumers, such as the right to safety, right to be informed about goods and services, right to choose, right to be heard, right to seek redressal against unfair practices, and right to consumer education. It explains the three-tier judicial machinery (District, State, National Consumer Forums) for consumer redressal in India.